Measuring cognitive and affective Theory of Mind with the Italian Yoni task: normative data and short versions

Abstract Theory of Mind (ToM), a high-order human social cognition skill, is relevant for mental health and wellbeing frequently impaired in many clinical conditions. To detect ToM difficulties, validated standardized measures need to be adopted practice. The Yoni task provides comprehensive evaluation first-order, second-order, affective cognitive mentalistic inferences. However, the remains time-demanding tool without normative data. fill this gap, we explored convergent discriminant validity, inter-item reliability provided data Italian version (98 items), developed two short versions (48 36 items). For validation, internal consistency convergent/discriminant validity have been considered. Then, effects demographical variables on 98 item were explored, provided. Our demonstrated high good all versions. composite scores proposed obtain: 1) global level 2) balance between components, whose alteration represents signature several future standardization will allow quick examination abilities, suitable both research settings.